Nobel Prizes in Chemistry

Nobel Prizes in Chemistry

© Dr. John Andraos

Department of Chemistry, York University
4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ONTARIO M3J 1P3, CANADA

For suggestions, corrections, additional information, and comments please send e-mails to jandraos@yorku.ca

http://www.chem.yorku.ca/NAMED/

NOBEL PRIZE CHEMISTRY

YEAR	NAMES OF SCIENTISTS	NATIONALITY	TYPE OF CHEMISTRY

1901	Jacobus van't Hoff	Dutch	physical
1902	Emil Fischer	German	organic
1903	Svante Arrhenius	Swedish	physical
1904	Sir William Ramsay	British	physical
1905	Adolf von Baeyer	German	organic
1906	Henri Moissan	French	inorganic
1907	Eduard Buchner	German	organic/bioorganic
1908	Lord Ernest Rutherford	British	nuclear
1909	Wilhelm Ostwald	Latvian	physical
1910	Otto Wallach	German	organic
1911	Marie Curie	Polish-French	nuclear
1912	Victor Grignard	French	organic
1912	Paul Sabatier	French	organic
1913	Alfred Werner	German	inorganic
1914	Theodore Williams Richards	American	physical
1915	Richard Martin Willstatter	German	organic
1916	no prize awarded
1917	no prize awarded
1918	Fritz Haber	German	physical/industrial
1919	no prize awarded
1920	Walther Hermann Nernst	German	physical
1921	Frederick Soddy	British	nuclear
1922	Francis William Aston	British	analytical
1923	Fritz Pregl	Slovenian	analytical
1924	no prize awarded
1925	Richard Zsigmondy	Austrian	physical
1926	Theodor Svedberg	Swedish	physical
1927	Heinrich Wieland	German	organic
1928	Adolf Windaus	German	organic
1929	Hans von Euler-Chelpin	German	bioorganic
1929	Arthur Harden	British	bioorganic
1930	Hans Fischer	German	bioorganic
1931	Friedrich Bergius	German	physical
1931	Carl Bosch	German	physical
1932	Irving Langmuir	American	physical
1933	no prize awarded
1934	Harold Urey	American	nuclear
1935	Frederic Joliot	French	nuclear
1935	Irene Joliot-Curie	French	nuclear
1936	Peter Debye	Dutch	physical
1937	Sir Walter Haworth	British	organic
1937	Paul Karrer	Russian	organic
1938	Richard Kuhn	Austrian	organic
1939	Adolf Butenandt	German	organic
1939	Leopold Ruzicka	Croatian	organic
1940	no prize awarded
1941	no prize awarded
1942	no prize awarded
1943	George de Hevesy	Hungarian	nuclear
1944	Otto Hahn	German	nuclear
1945	Arturri Virtanen	Finnish	agrichemistry
1946	James Sumner	American	bioorganic
1946	John Northrup	American	bioorganic
1946	Wendell Stanley	American	bioorganic
1947	Sir Robert Robinson	British	organic
1948	Arne Tiselius	Swedish	bioorganic
1949	William Francis Giauque	Canadian-American	physical
1950	Kurt Alder	German	organic
1950	Otto Paul Hermann Diels	German	organic
1951	Edwin McMillan	American	nuclear
1951	Glenn T. Seaborg	American	nuclear
1952	Archer John Porter Martin	British	analytical
1952	Richard Laurence Millington Synge	British	analytical
1953	Hermann Staudinger	German	organic
1954	Linus Carl Pauling	American	organic
1955	Vincent Du Vigneaud	American	organic
1956	Sir Cyril Hinshelwood	British	physical
1956	Nikolay Nikolayevich Semenov	Russian	physical
1957	Alexander Robertus Todd	Scottish	bioorganic
1958	Frederick Sanger	British	bioorganic
1959	Jaroslav Heyrovksy	Czech	analytical
1960	Willard Libby	American	nuclear
1961	Melvin Calvin	American	bioorganic
1962	John Kendrew	British	bioorganic
1962	Max Perutz	Austrian-British	bioorganic
1963	Giulio Natta	Italian	polymer
1963	Karl Ziegler	German	polymer
1964	Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin	British	physical-bioorganic
1965	Robert Woodward	American	organic
1966	Robert Mulliken	American	physical
1967	Ronald Wreyford Norrish	British	physical-organic
1967	Sir George Porter	British	physical-organic
1967	Manfred Eigen	German	physical
1968	Lars Onsager	Norwegian	physical
1969	Sir Derek Harold Richard Barton	British	organic
1969	Odd Hassel	Norwegian	organic
1970	Luis Leloir	French	bioorganic
1971	Gerhard Herzberg	German-Canadian	physical
1972	Christian Anfinsen	Norwegian	bioorganic
1972	Stanford Moore	American	bioorganic
1972	William Stein	American	bioorganic
1973	Ernst Otto Fischer	German	inorganic
1973	Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson	British	inorganic
1974	Paul Flory	American	polymer
1975	Sir John Cornforth	Australian	organic
1975	Vladimir Prelog	Croatian	organic
1976	William N. Lipscomb, Jr.	American	organic
1977	Ilya Prigogine	Russian-French	physical
1978	Peter Mitchell	British	bioorganic
1979	Herbert Charles Brown	American	organic
1979	Georg Wittig	German	organic
1980	Paul Berg	American	bioorganic
1980	Walter Gilbert	American	bioorganic
1980	Frederick Sanger	British	bioorganic
1981	Kenichi Fukui	Japanese	theoretical
1981	Roald Hoffmann	Polish-American	organic
1982	Aaron Klug	South African-British	bioorganic
1983	Henry Taube	Canadian-American	inorganic
1984	Robert Bruce Merrifield	American	bioorganic
1985	Herbert Aaron Hauptman	American	mathematical biology
1985	Jerome Karle	American	physical
1986	Dudley R. Herschbach	American	physical
1986	Yuan Tseh Lee	Taiwanese-American	physical
1986	John Charles Polanyi	British-Canadian	physical
1987	Donald James Cram	American	organic
1987	Jean-Marie Lehn	French	organic
1987	Charles J. Pedersen	Korean-American	organic
1988	Hartmut Michel	German	bioorganic
1988	Johann Deisenhofer	German	bioorganic
1988	Robert Huber	German	bioorganic
1989	Sidney Altman	Canadian-American	bioorganic
1989	Thomas R. Cech	American	bioorganic
1990	Elias James Corey	American	organic
1991	Richard R. Ernst	Swiss	physical
1992	Rudolph A. Marcus	Canadian-American	physical
1993	Kary B. Mullis	American	bioorganic
1993	Michael Smith	British-Canadian	bioorganic
1994	George A. Olah	Hungarian-American	organic
1995	Paul Crutzen	Dutch	atmospheric
1995	Mario Molina	Mexican-American	atmospheric
1995	F. Sherwood Rowland	American	atmospheric
1996	Robert F. Curl, Jr.	American	organic
1996	Sir Harold W. Kroto	British	organic
1996	Richard E. Smalley	American	organic
1997	Paul D. Boyer	American	bioorganic
1997	John E. Walker	British	bioorganic
1997	Jens C. Skou	Danish	bioorganic
1998	Walter Kohn	Austrian-American	theoretical
1998	John A. Pople	British-American	theoretical
1999	Ahmed Zewail	Egyptian-American	physical
2000	Alan J. Heeger	American	polymer
2000	Alan G. MacDiarmid	New Zealander-American	polymer
2000	Hideki Shirakawa	Japanese	polymer
2001	Karl Barry Sharpless	American	organic
2001	William Standish Knowles	American	organic
2001	Ryoji Noyori	Japanese	organic

NUMBER OF PRIZES AWARDED BY TYPE OF CHEMISTRY
AREA OF CHEMISTRY	NUMBER OF PRIZES
agrichemistry	1
analytical	5
atmospheric	3
bioorganic	34
industrial	1
inorganic	5
nuclear	11
organic	46
physical	31
physical-organic	2
polymer	6
theoretical	3

PRIZE YEAR	NOBEL CHEMISTS	SUPERVISOR	Ph.D.	UNIVERSITY	DATES	Age (years)	Age at Prize
1950	Alder, Kurt	Otto Diels	1926	Kiel	1902 - 1958	56	48
1989	Altman, Sidney	Leonard S. Lerman	1967	Colorado	1939 -		50
1972	Anfinsen, Christian		1943	Harvard Medical School	1916 - 1995	79	56
1903	Arrhenius, Svante	E. Edlund, Sven O. Pettersson	1884	Uppsala	1859 - 1927	68	44
1922	Aston, Francis William	P.F. Frankland, J.H. Poynting	1898-1900, 1903-8 (no Ph.D.)	Birmingham	1877 - 1945	68	45
1905	Baeyer, Adolf von	Robert Bunsen, F. Kekule	1858	Berlin	1835 - 1917	82	70
1969	Barton, Sir Derek Harold Richard	Ewart R.H. Jones, Ian Heilbron	1942	London	1918 - 1998	80	51
1980	Berg, Paul		1952	Case Western Reserve	1926 -		54
1931	Bergius, Friedrich	Arthur Hanzsch	1907	Leipzig	1884 - 1949	65	47
1931	Bosch, Carl	Johannes Wislicenus	1898	Leipzig	1874 - 1940	66	57
1997	Boyer, Paul D.	Paul Phillips	1943	Wisconsin	1918 -		79
1979	Brown, Herbert Charles	H.I. Schlesinger	1938	Chicago	1912 -		67
1907	Buchner, Eduard	Adolf Baeyer	1888	Munich	1860 - 1917	57	47
1939	Butenandt, Adolf	Adolf Windaus	1927	Gottingen	1903 -		36
1961	Calvin, Melvin	George A. Glockler	1935	Minnesota	1911 - 1997	86	50
1989	Cech, Thomas R.	John Herst	1975	UC Berkeley	1947 -		42
1990	Corey, Elias James	John C. Sheehan	1951	MIT	1928 -		62
1975	Cornforth, Sir John	Sir Robert Robinson	1941	Oxford	1917 -		58
1987	Cram, Donald James	Louis F. Fieser	1947	Harvard	1919 - 2001	82	68
1995	Crutzen, Paul Josef		1968	Stockholm	1933 -		62
1911	Curie, Marie	Henri Becquerel	1902	Sorbonne	1867 - 1934	67	44
1996	Curl, Jr., Robert Floyd	Kenneth Pitzer	1957	UC Berkeley	1933 -		63
1936	Debye, Peter	Arnold Sommerfeld	1908	Munich	1884 - 1966	82	52
1988	Deisenhofer, Johann	Robert Huber	1974	TU Berlin, Max Planck Inst. Biochem.	1943 -		45
1950	Diels, Otto Paul Hermann	Emil Fischer	1899	Berlin	1876 - 1954	78	74
1967	Eigen, Manfred	Arnold Eucken	1951	Georg-August U, Gottingen	1927 -		40
1991	Ernst, Richard R.	Hans Primas	1962	ETH	1933 -		58
1929	Euler-Chelpin, Hans von		1895	Berlin	1873 - 1964	91	56
1902	Fischer, Emil	Adolf Baeyer	1874	Strasbourg	1852 - 1919	67	50
1973	Fischer, Ernst Otto	Walter Hieber	1952	TH Munich	1918 -		55
1930	Fischer, Hans	Theodore Zincke	1904	Marburg	1881 - 1945	64	49
1974	Flory, Paul	Herrick Lee Johnston	1934	Ohio State	1910 - 1985	75	64
1981	Fukui, Kenichi		1948	Kyoto (eng.)	1918 - 1998	80	63
1949	Giauque, William Francis	George Ernest Gibson	1922	California	1895 - 1982	87	54
1980	Gilbert, Walter	Abdus Salam	1957	Cambridge	1932 -		48
1912	Grignard, Victor	Louis Bouvealt, Phillipe Barbier	1901	Lyon	1871 - 1935	64	41
1918	Haber, Fritz	Carl Liebermann	1891	Berlin-Charlottenberg	1868 - 1934	66	50
1944	Hahn, Otto	Theodore Zincke	1901	Marburg	1879 - 1968	89	65
1929	Harden, Arthur	Otto Fischer	1888	Erlangen	1865 - 1940	75	64
1969	Hassel, Odd		1924	Berlin	1897 - 1981	84	72
1985	Hauptman, Herbert Aaron	Jerome Karle	1955	Maryland (mathematics)	1917 -		68
1937	Haworth, Sir Walter	Otto Wallach	1910	Gottingen	1883 - 1950	67	54
2000	Heeger, Alan J.		1961	UC Berkeley	1936 -		64
1986	Herschbach, Dudley R.	Edgar Bright Wilson, Jr.	1958	Harvard	1932 -		54
1971	Herzberg, Gerhard	Hans Rau	1928	TU Darmstadt (eng. physics)	1904 - 1999	95	67
1943	Hevesy, George de	Georg Meyer	1908	Freiburg	1885 - 1966	81	58
1959	Heyrovksy, Jaroslav	J.S. Sterba-Bohm	1918	Charles U, Prague	1890 - 1967	77	69
1956	Hinshelwood, Sir Cyril	Harold Brewer Hartley	1920	Oxford (MA)	1897 - 1967	70	59
1964	Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot	John D. Bernal	1937	Cambridge	1910 -		54
1981	Hoffmann, Roald	M. Gouterman, W.N. Lipscomb, Jr.	1962	Harvard	1937 -		44
1988	Huber, Robert	Walter Hoppe, P. Karlson	1963	TU Munich	1937 -		51
1935	Joliot, Frederic	Marie Curie, Paul Langevin	1920's	Radium Institute	1900 - 1958	58	35
1935	Joliot-Curie, Irene	Marie Curie	1920's	Radium Institute	1897 - 1956	59	38
1985	Karle, Jerome	Lawrence O. Brockway	1943	Michigan	1918 -		67
1937	Karrer, Paul	Alfred Werner	1911	Zurich	1889 - 1971	82	48
1962	Kendrew, John	W.H. Taylor	1949	Cambridge	1917 -		45
1982	Klug, Aaron	Douglas Rayner Hartree	1952	Cambridge	1926 -		56
2001	Knowles, William Standish	R.C. Elderfield	1942	Columbia	1917 -		84
1998	Kohn, Walter	Julian Schwinger	1948	Harvard	1923 -		75
1996	Kroto, Sir Harold Walter	Richard Dixon	1964	Sheffield	1939 -		57
1938	Kuhn, Richard	Richard Willstatter	1922	Munich	1900 - 1967	67	38
1932	Langmuir, Irving	Walther Nernst	1906	Gottingen	1881 - 1957	76	51
1986	Lee, Yuan Tseh	Bruce Mahan	1965	UC Berkeley	1936 -		50
1987	Lehn, Jean-Marie	Guy Ourisson	1963	Strasbourg	1939 -		48
1970	Leloir, Luis		1932	Buenos Aires (MD)	1906 - 1987	81	64
1960	Libby, Willard	G.N. Lewis, Wendell Latimer	1933	UC Berkeley	1908 - 1980	72	52
1976	Lipscomb, Jr., William N.	Linus Pauling	1946	Cal Tech	1919 -		57
2000	MacDiarmid, Alan G.		1955	Wisconsin(1953),Cambridge(1955)	1927 -		73
1992	Marcus, Rudolph A.	C.A. Winkler	1946	McGill	1923 -		69
1952	Martin, Archer John Porter	Sir Charles Martin	1936	Cambridge	1910 -		42
1951	McMillan, Edwin	E.U. Condon	1932	Princeton	1907 - 1991	84	44
1984	Merrifield, Robert Bruce	Max Dunn	1949	UCLA	1921 -		63
1988	Michel, Hartmut	Dieter Oesterhelt	1977	Wurzburg	1948 -		40
1978	Mitchell, Peter	James F. Danielli	1951	Cambridge	1920 - 1992	72	58
1906	Moissan, Henri	Edmond Fremy	1880	Paris	1852 - 1907	55	54
1995	Molina, Mario Jose	George C. Pimentel	1972	UC Berkeley	1943 -		52
1972	Moore, Stanford	Karl Paul Link	1938	Wisconsin	1913 - 1982	69	59
1966	Mulliken, Robert	William D. Harkins	1922	Chicago	1896 - 1986	90	70
1993	Mullis, Kary Banks	Joe Nielands	1973	UC Berkeley	1944 -		49
1963	Natta, Giulio		1924	Milan Poly.Inst. (chem. eng.)	1903 - 1979	76	60
1920	Nernst, Walther Hermann	Friedrich Kohlrausch	1887	Wurzburg	1864 - 1941	77	56
1967	Norrish, Ronald Wreyford	Sir Eric Keightley Rideal	1924	Cambridge	1897 - 1978	81	70
1946	Northrup, John	John M. Nelson	1915	Columbia	1891 - 1987	96	55
2001	Noyori, Ryoji	Hitosi Nozaki	1967	Kyoto	1938 -		63
1994	Olah, George A.	Geza Zemplen	1949	Tech.U. Budapest	1927 -		67
1968	Onsager, Lars	Peter Debye	1928	Norges TH	1903 - 1976	73	65
1909	Ostwald, Wilhelm	Carl Schmidt, Johann Lemberg	1877	Dorpat	1853 - 1932	79	56
1954	Pauling, Linus Carl	Roscoe G. Dickinson	1925	Cal Tech	1901 - 1994	93	53
1987	Pedersen, Charles J.	Jack F. Norris	1927	MIT (M.Sc.)	1904 - 1989	85	83
1962	Perutz, Max	John Desmond Bernal	1940	Cambridge	1914 -		48
1986	Polanyi, John Charles	Ernest Warhurst	1952	Manchester	1929 -		57
1998	Pople, John Anthony	Sir John Lennard-Jones	1951	Cambridge (mathematics)	1925 -		73
1967	Porter, Sir George	Ronald G.W. Norrish	1948	Cambridge (no Ph.D.)	1920 -		47
1923	Pregl, Fritz		1894	Graz (MD)	1869 - 1930	61	54
1975	Prelog, Vladimir	Emil Votocek	1929	Prague	1906 - 1998	92	69
1977	Prigogine, Ilya	Theophile de Donder	1941	U Libre de Bruxelles	1917 -		60
1904	Ramsay, Sir William	Rudolf Fittig	1873	Tubingen	1852 - 1916	64	52
1914	Richards, Theodore Williams	Josiah Cooke	1888	Harvard	1868 - 1928	60	46
1947	Robinson, Sir Robert	William H. Perkin, Jr.	1909	Manchester	1885 - 1975	90	62
1995	Rowland, Frank Sherwood	Willard F. Libby	1952	Chicago	1927 -		68
1908	Rutherford, Lord Ernest	J.J. Thomson	1897	Cambridge	1871 - 1937	66	37
1939	Ruzicka, Leopold	Hermann Staudinger	1910	TU Karlsruhe	1887 - 1967	80	52
1912	Sabatier, Paul	Marcellin Berthelot	1880	College de France	1854 - 1941	87	58
1958	Sanger, Frederick	A. Neuberger	1943	Cambridge	1918 -		40
1980	Sanger, Frederick	A. Neuberger	1943	Cambridge	1918 -		62
1951	Seaborg, Glenn T.	Gilbert N. Lewis, E.O. Lawrence	1937	UC Berkeley	1912 - 1999	87	39
1956	Semenov, Nikolay Nikolayevich		1917	Petrograd (St. Petersburg)	1896 - 1986	90	60
2001	Sharpless, Karl Barry	Eugene E. van Tamelen	1968	Stanford	1941 -		60
2000	Shirakawa, Hideki		1966	Tokyo Institute of Technology	1936 -		64
1997	Skou, Jens Christian		1954	Aarhus (Dr. MD)	1918 -		79
1996	Smalley, Richard Errett	Elliot R. Bernstein	1973	Princeton	1943 -		53
1993	Smith, Michael	H.B. Henbest	1956	Manchester	1932 - 2000	68	61
1921	Soddy, Frederick	Ernest Rutherford (post-doc)	1898	Oxford (BA)	1877 - 1956	79	44
1946	Stanley, Wendell	Roger Adams	1929	Illinois	1904 - 1971	67	42
1953	Staudinger, Hermann	Daniel Vorlaender	1903	Halle	1881 - 1965	84	72
1972	Stein, William	E.G. Miller	1937	Columbia	1911 - 1980	69	61
1946	Sumner, James	Otto Folin	1914	Harvard Medical School	1887 - 1955	68	59
1926	Svedberg, Theodor	no supervisor	1907	Uppsala	1884 - 1971	87	42
1952	Synge, Richard Laurence Millington	N.W. Pirie	1941	Cambridge	1914 -		38
1983	Taube, Henry	William C. Bray	1940	UC Berkeley	1915 -		68
1948	Tiselius, Arne	Theodor Svedberg	1930	Uppsala	1902 - 1971	69	46
1957	Todd, Lord Alexander Robertus	Walther Borsche	1931	Frankfurt	1907 - 1997	90	50
1934	Urey, Harold	Gilbert N. Lewis	1923	UC Berkeley	1893 - 1981	88	41
1901	van't Hoff, Jacobus	E. Mulder	1874	Utrecht	1852 - 1911	59	49
1955	Vigneaud, Vincent Du	John R. Murlin	1927	Rochester	1901 - 1978	77	54
1945	Virtanen, Arturri	O. Aschan	1919	Helsinki	1895 - 1973	78	50
1997	Walker, John E.	E.P. Abraham	1969	Oxford	1941 -		56
1910	Wallach, Otto	Friedrich Wohler	1869	Gottingen	1847 - 1931	84	63
1913	Werner, Alfred	Arthur Hantzsch	1890	ETH	1866 - 1919	53	47
1927	Wieland, Heinrich	Johannes Thiele	1901	Munich	1877 - 1957	80	50
1973	Wilkinson, Sir Geoffrey	Henry Vincent Aird Briscoe	1941	Imperial College, U London	1921 - 1996	75	52
1915	Willstatter, Richard Martin	Alfred Einhorn	1894	Munich	1872 - 1942	70	43
1928	Windaus, Adolf	Heinrich Kiliani	1899	Freiburg	1876 - 1959	83	52
1979	Wittig, Georg	Karl von Auwers	1923	Marburg	1897 - 1987	90	82
1965	Woodward, Robert	James F. Norris	1937	MIT	1917 - 1979	62	48
1999	Zewail, Ahmed	Robin Main Hochstrasser	1974	U Pennsylvania	1946 -		53
1963	Ziegler, Karl	Karl von Auwers	1920	Marburg	1898 - 1973	75	65
1925	Zsigmondy, Richard	Wilhelm von Miller	1889	Erlangen	1865 - 1929	64	60

TOP 5 UNIVERSITY RANKING
Number of Laureates	University	Country
14	Cambridge	U.K.
10	UC Berkeley	U.S.
5	Harvard	U.S.
5	Munich	Germany
4	Berlin	Germany
4	Gottingen	Germany
4	Marburg	Germany
3	MIT	U.S.
3	Uppsala	Sweden

Nationality Demographics
Nationality	Number
American	49
American born	36
German	27
British	26
British born	24
French	9
Canadian	7
Canadian born	4
French	6
Austrian	4
Dutch	3
Norwegian	3
Russian	3
Swedish	3
Croatian	2
Hungarian	2
Polish	2
Japanese	3
Italian	1
Finnish	1
Danish	1
Czech	1
Australian	1
Latvian	1
Scottish	1
Slovenian	1
Swiss	1
Egyptian	1
Korean	1
Mexican	1
New Zealander	1
South African	1
Taiwanese	1

CANADIAN-BORN CHEMISTRY NOBEL LAUREATES


1949	WILLIAM FRANCIS GIAUQUE	b. Niagara Falls, ON	Ph.D. 1922, California	went to United States
1983	HENRY TAUBE	b. Neudorf, SK	Ph.D. 1940, UC Berkeley	went to United States
1989	SIDNEY ALTMAN	b. Montreal, PQ	Ph.D. 1967, Colorado	went to United States
1992	RUDOLPH A. MARCUS	b. Montreal, PQ	Ph.D. 1946, McGill	went to United States


CHEMISTRY NOBEL LAUREATES: CANADIAN IMPORTS

1971	GERHARD HERZBERG	b. Hamburg, Germany	Ph.D. 1928, TU Darmstadt
1986	JOHN CHARLES POLANYI	b. Berlin, Germany	Ph.D. 1952, Manchester
1993	MICHAEL SMITH	b. Blackpool, England	Ph.D. 1956, Manchester

Age Range at Time Prize Awarded (years)	Number of Chemistry Laureates
30 - 34	0
35 - 39	7
40 - 44	15
45 - 49	18
50 - 54	29
55 - 59	20
60 - 64	21
65 - 69	14
70 - 74	8
75 - 79	3
80 - 84	3
85 - 89	0